RESUMO A presença do ácido nucleico (RNA) do vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) foi avaliada por meio da amplificação parcial do gene N pela técnica RT-PCR realizada em urina de cães provenientes de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, que apresentavam sinais clínicos sugestivos de cinomose. Das 33 amostras de urina avaliadas, o CDV foi identificado em 45,5%. Em cinco cães que morreram espontaneamente, além da excreção do CDV na urina, foram observadas alterações histopatológicas associadas à infecção por esse vírus. Análises estatísticas demonstraram que a idade, gênero, raça e o sistema orgânico comprometido dos cães avaliados não exerceram influência no diagnóstico da cinomose canina. Mioclonia e incoordenação motora foram as manifestações neurológicas que apresentaram frequência de ocorrência significativa (P<0,05). Uma associação direta foi observada entre a presença de ceratoconjuntivite e a identificação de virúria pelo CDV. Esses achados sugerem que a excreção do CDV pela urina em cães com sinais clínicos compatíveis com cinomose pode não ser relacionada com a idade do animal, e que animais sintomáticos podem apresentar manifestações clínicas atribuídas ao CDV, porém sem a caracterização de virúria por RT-PCR. Adicionalmente, análises filogenéticas sugerem que várias cepas de CDV podem estar circulando em populações caninas de áreas urbanas no Brasil.

This study investigated the occurrence of canine distemper virus (CDV) by evaluating the presence of viral RNA within urine samples of dogs from Uberlândia, MG, with clinical manifestations suggestive of infection by CDV by targeting the CDV N gene. Of the clinical samples collected ( n =33), CDV viruria was detected in 45.5%. Five dogs died spontaneously; all had characteristic CDV-associated histopathological alterations and demonstrated CDV viruria. Statistical analyses revealed that the age, gender, breed, or the organ system of the dog affected had no influence on the occurrence of canine distemper. Myoclonus and motor incoordination were the most significant neurological manifestations observed. A direct association was observed between keratoconjunctivitis and dogs with CDV viruria. These findings suggest that CDV viruria in symptomatic dogs might not be age related, and that symptomatic dogs can demonstrate clinical manifestations attributed to CDV without viruria identified by RT-PCR. Additionally, the results of the sequence identities analysed have suggested that all Brazilian wild-type strains of CDV currently identified are closely related and probably originated from the same lineage of CDV. Nevertheless, phylogenetic analyses suggest that there are different clusters of wild-type strains of CDV circulating within urban canine populations in Brazil.

In order to study the embryo recovery rate using the transcervical technique in Saanen goats raised in the tropics, 20 donors were submitted to an oestrus synchronisation treatment using intravaginal progestagen sponges for 11 days. On the ninth day of treatment, goats received intramuscular injections of 50 μg cloprostenol and six injections of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) at 12-hour intervals. Does in oestrus were mated by Saanen bucks. Donors received an intramuscular injection of 50 μg cloprostenol 24 hours before embryo collection. At this time, the ovaries were observed by laparoscopy to verify the ovulation rate. The embryo recovery was performed six to seven days after oestrus onset by transcervical technique. Goats in which the cervix was not penetrable were submitted to embryo recovery by laparotomy. The recovered embryos were classified according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) guidelines. Oestrus was observed in 85% of goats. A response to superovulatory treatment was observed in 65% of goats and a mean ovulation rate of 11.5 ± 6.6 was recorded. The cervix was penetrable in 61.5% of goats. In the remaining goats the embryo recovery was performed by laparotomy. The recovery rate was 53.2% and 36.9% using transcervical and surgical methods, respectively. Quanti-qualitative embryo production was similar in both techniques. Embryo recovery by the transcervical technique was shown to be an alternative for collection of embryos in Saanen goats. However, further studies should be done in order to improve both the cervix penetrability and embryo recovery rate.

Com o intuito de se obter o nível crítico de fósforo para as cultivares de ciclo anual, IAC-20, IAC-19, IAC-17 e CNPA 78/SME4 e para as de ciclo perene CNPA 2M e CNPA 3M foi conduzido experimento em ca-sa-de-vegetaçao com solução nutritiva. As plantas foram cultivadas em quatro níveis de fósforo, sendo: l,14ppm, 3,42ppm, 10,26ppm e 30,78ppm. Em plantas com 44 dias, 59 dias e 74 dias foi coletada a 5ª folha situada no caule principal, a partir do ápice, e dividida em limbo, o pecíolo para a determinação de fósforo. Os níveis críticos internos de fósforo no limbo e pecíolo que correspondem à produção máxima de matéria seca em cada cultivar, foram determinados. Os autores concluem: - O limbo e/ou o pecíolo são adequados para a determinação do nível crítico de fósforo de todas as cultivares.

In order to establish the critical level of phosphorus in annual varieties IAC-20, IAC-19, IAC-17, CNPA 78/SME-4 and in perennial varieties CNPA 2M and CNPA 3M young cotton plants were grown in nutrient solutions containing the following phosphorus concentrations: 0.38ppm, 1.14ppm, 3.42ppm, 10.26ppm and 30.78ppm. The solutions were replaced every seven days. From plants at the age of 44 days, 59 days and 74 days, the 5th leaf from the apex of the plants were collected and separated into petioles and leave blades and the phosphorus content was determined. The authors concluded: - The petioles or leave blades are adequate for the determination of the critical level of phosphorus.

Analisando-se os diferentes órgãos de plantas de arroz cultivada em solução nutritiva até maturidade completa, foi obtida uma estimativa das exigências nutricionais dos cultivares IAC 47 (sequeiro) e IAC 435 (irrigado). As diferenças encontradas entre os dois cultivares são de vidas principalmente ao nível de produção e não ao teor de elemento na matéria seca.

Analysing the various organs of plants grown in nutrient solution until full maturity, an estimate was obtained of the mineral requirements of both cultivars, which in shown in Table 4. Differences found among cultivars were due primarily to yield level rather than to contents of elements per unity of dry matter.

Plantas de arroz dos cultivares IAC 47 (sequeiro) e IAC 435 (de irrigação) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva deficiente em N, P, K, S, B, Cu ou Zn até o estádio de perfilhamento. O elemento em falta foi, então, for necido por via radicular ou foliar na tentativa de correção da deficiência. Foram notadas, em termos de produção de grãos, respostas diferentes em funcão de: cultivar, elemento aplicado e modo de aplicação.

Plants were grown in nutrient solution under conditions of deficiency of N, P, K, S, B, Cu or Zn till the stage of tillering. An attempt was then made to ascertain the extent of correction of the deficiencies by supplying the element lacking in the substrate either in the nutrient solution or through foliar application, The results of the corrective tratments are presented in Table 15 in which yield data are given as percentage of those obtained with the non deficient plants.

Deficiências de N, P, K, S, B, Cu ou Zn foram induzidas em dois cultivares de arroz, I.A.C. 47 e I.A.C. 435 até o perfilhamento. O elemento deficiente foi depois aplicado na solução nutritiva ou por via foliar. A eficiência dos tratamentos foi avaliada dividindo-se o peso adicional de grãos pela quantidade de elemento fornecida pelos dois métodos. Verificaram-se, de modo geral, relações maiores no caso da adubação foliar que da radicular, em se tratando de macronutrientes; o oposto foi observado quando se tratava de micronutrientes.

Rice plants cultivars IAC 47 (upland) an IAC 435 (lowland) were grown in nutrient solution either under low levels of N, P, K or S, or in the absence of B, Cu or Zn. At the tillering stage the deficient element was supplied via nutrient solution or through leaf feeding. Yield data and leaf analyses allowed for the following general conclusions to be drawn: (1) the deficiency of a given element affected differently grain production in the two varieties; (2) for a given nutrient the same nutritional status, i.e., "normal" or "deficient" could be defined by different leaf levels; (3) additional yield (due to corrective measures) divided by quantity of element applied was higher in the case of foliar feeding of macronutrients; the opposite took place in the case of micronutrients.

As soluções nutritivas de HOAGLAND & ARNON (1950) nº 2 de KARIM & VLAMIS (1962) foram fornecidas a duas variedades de arroz, uma de sequeiro (IAC 47) e uma de irrigação (IAC 435). A primeira solução, que contém N nítrico e N amoniacal, garantiu maior produção de matéria seca e maior teor de N total nas plantas que foram colhidas no meio do estádio de perfilhamento. A aeração forçada mostrou-se desnecessária para o crescimento.

In a preliminary trial, a comparison was made of two nutrient solutions, HOAGLAND & ARNON (1950) number 2, and KARIM & VLAMIS (1962), both in the presence and in the absence of forced aeration. Plants grown during 40 days (till the middle of the tillering stage) showed a higher dry matter yield as well as a higher N content when receiving the first solution, which contains both nitrate and ammonium N, when compared with the latter whose nitrogen is only in the NO-3form. Aeration was not necessary for maximum growth in either case.

Azolla filiculoides Lam foi cultivado em solução nutritiva arejada, sempre desprovida de N combinado, sendo submetida aos seguintes tratamentos: omissão de P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe e Mo, excesso de Mn e Al. As plantas foram colhidas depois de 3 semanas da inoculação. Verificou-se que as deficiências de P, K, Ca e Mg provocaram diminuição na produção de matéria seca e na atividade de nitrogenase. A análise mineral mostrou que: a falta de um elemento provoca redução no seu teor; grande acumulo de Mo; diminuição no teor de Al (do inóculo ou contaminação) no tratamento menos S que garantiu o maior crescimento; efeitos inibitórios ou sinergísticos semelhantes aos descritos no caso de plantas superiores. A toxidez de Al e Mn causou, principalmente a primeira, redução no crescimento e na atividade da nitrogenase. Houve correlações positivas entre: N total e crescimento, atividade de nitrogenase e N total.

The mineral nutrition of Azolla feliculoides Lam was studied in solutions deficient in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and molybdenum, and in excess of Mn and Al. Dry weight, N2 fixation and mineral composition of Azolla were determined after 3 weeks. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium deficiencies and excess of manganese and aluminium decressed growth severely and also depressed the activity of nitrogenase. Phosphorus deficiency improved the uptake of iron and zinc. Potassium deficiency increased the levels of phosphorus in dry matter. Magnesium deficiency caused lower uptake of K and better uptake of Ca, Fe and Mn. Sulfur deficiency reduced aluminium uptake and promoted the best growth. Positive correlations were found between: N content and dry matter, nitrogenase activity and N content.